Asperger's Syndrome

What is Asperger's syndrome? How is it diagnosed?

Asperger Syndrome (AS) or (Asperger's Disorder) is a neurobiological disorder affecting children or adults who have some features of autism but may not have the full blown clinical picture. It was named after a Viennese physician, Hans Asperger, who was the first to describe the condition in a 1944 publication.

Individuals with AS can exhibit a variety of characteristics and the disorder can range from mild to severe. A few people with Asperger's syndrome are very successful and until recently were not diagnosed with anything but were seen as brilliant, eccentric, absent minded, socially inept, and a little awkward physically.

Characteristically persons with AS show marked deficiencies in social skills, have difficulties with transitions or changes and prefer sameness. They often have obsessive routines and may be preoccupied with a particular subject of interest. They have a great deal of difficulty reading nonverbal cues (body language). and very often the individual with AS has difficulty determining proper body space. They are often overly sensitive to sounds, tastes, smells, and sights, and may prefer soft clothing, certain foods, and be bothered by sounds or lights no one else seems to hear or see.

By definition, those with AS have a normal IQ and many individuals (although not all), exhibit exceptional skill or talent in a specific area. Because of their high degree of functionality those with AS are often viewed as eccentric or odd and can easily become victims of teasing and bullying. While language development seems normal, individuals with AS can be extremely literal and have difficulty using language in a social context.

AS is presently described as part of an autistic spectrum disorder . The exact diagnostic criteria embracing all of the above criteria - can be found in the DSM IV Description - 299.80.

Many of the weaknesses can be remediated with specific types of therapy aimed at teaching social and pragmatic skills. Anxiety leading to significant rigidity can be also treated medically. Although it is more difficult, adults with Asperger's can have relationships, families, happy and productive lives.