The Exploitation Of The Landscape Of Central And Inner Asia: Past, Present And Future


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asia Seminar
University of Toronto, 15-16 May 2007


Edited by
Michael Gervers
Uradyn E. Bulag
Gillian Long


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 9
Asian Institute, University of Toronto
Toronto, 2008

I. The Natural Landscape

  • Küt and Dzhut: Food and Famine in Central Asia
    STEPHANIE BUNN
  • Trees: Disease and Healing
    RUTH I. MESERVE
  • Rediscovering Colonised Landscapes: The First Europeans at the Mustagh Pass, Karakoram Himalaya, Inner Asia
    KENNETH HEWITT

II. The Historical Landscape

  • The Allocation of Greater Armenian Land under the Mongol Noyans (Commanders) (1220-45)
    DASHDONDOG BAYARSAIKHAN
  • Kongnyŏ: Korean Tribute Women and Mongol-Koryŏ Relations during the 13th and 14th Centuries
    GEORGE QINGZHI ZHAO
  • "On Either Side the River": The Rise of the Manchu State and Chason's Jurchen Subjects
    ADAM BOHNET
  • Death and Burial in Twentieth-Century Mongolia
    DENYSJ. VOADEN

III. The Spiritual Landscape

  • Monasteries in and around Kökeqota
    WAYNE SCHLEPP
  • The Widening Circle of Mongolian Shamanic Practice
    CATHERINE KMITA

IV. The Economic Landscape

  • Russian Exploitation of the Landscape of Central Asia: Past and Present
    HABIBOLLAH ABOLHASSAN SHIRAZI
  • Reining in the Periphery: The Modernization of Economic and Human Geographies in Post-Liberation Xinjiang
    HASAN KARRAR
  • Gas, Oil and Water Don't Mix: Are Energy Resource Exports Undermining Central Asian Water Management?
    KEELY LANGE
  • Resource Curse Avoidance Policies in Kazakhstan: Intentions, Debates and Realities
    NYGMET IBADILDIN



Traders and Trade Routes of Central and Inner Asia: The 'Silk Road,' Then and Now


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asia Seminar
University of Toronto, 13-14 May 2005


Edited by
Michael Gervers
Uradyn E. Bulag
Gillian Long


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 8
Asian Institute, University of Toronto
Toronto, 2007
Foreword
Contributors


I. History and Religion of Early Traders and Trading

  • 'Hungry for Han Goods': Zhang Qian and the Origins of the Silk Roads
    CRAIG BENJAMIN
  • Peddling Islam: The Merchant in Early Conversion Narratives of the Central Asian Turks
    PATRICK A. HATCHER
  • Samarkand: How the Trade Routes Became the Urban Stage of Power
    DOMENICO CATANIA AND CLAUDIO RUBINI
  • The Traders ofInner Eurasia: Volga Bulgaria in Eurasian Trade, 9th-14th Centuries
    MIKHAIL ZELDOVICH
  • Mongols, Barbarians, and the Great Suzerain: The Shifting Nomenclature of the Mongols during the Early Koryo-Mongol Relations in the 13th Century
    MIJI LEE
  • Indian Merchants in Nineteenth-Century Bukhara: Trade Network and Socio-Cultural Role
    M.S. KALANDAROVA
  • Bukharan Traders and Entrepreneurs in the Late Nineteenth-Early Twentieth Centuries and their Links with Russia
    AUDREY BURTON
  • Continuity and Change in the Trade of Xinjiang into the 1920s
    DANIEL C. WAUGH

II. Anthropology and Geography

  • Ancient Populations of Mongolia
    TUMEN DASHTSEVEG
  • Trading Dance for Identity: The Mongolian Dance, Andai
    CATHY KMITA AND MARGUERITE GARNER
  • Mediators in the Transnational Marketplace: Wholesalers of Tibetan Ceremonial Scarves and the Marketing of Meaning
    CHRISTINA HARRIS
  • The Back of Beyond: Trade, Geography and Central Asia's Predicament
    LEVENT HEKIMOGLU
  • Trade and the Role ofa New Silk Road for Traders in Central Asia: The Iranian Case
    HABIBOLLAH ABOLHASSAN SHIRAZI

III. Economics and Trade

  • New Ways of Revitalizing Trade Routes and the Economy in Uzbekistan
    FARIDUN ODILOV
  • Economic Reform in Authoritarian Uzbekistan
    MARTIN C. SPECHLER
  • New Trade Routes and New Traders of Energy Resources in Central Asia and the Caspian Sea Region
    PINAR IPEK
  • Mongolian and Tuvan Aid to Wartime Russia
    DENYS J. VOADEN

IV. Education

  • Teaching and Trading: Local Voices and Global Issues from Central Asia
    SARFAROZ NIYOZOV AND DUISHON SHAMATOV
  • Public Policies in the Higher Education of Kazakhstan
    ALMAZ TOLYMBEK



History and Society in Central and Inner Asia


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, 16-17 April 2004


Edited by
Michael Gervers
Uradyn E. Bulag
Gillian Long


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 7
Asian Institute, University of Toronto
Toronto, 2005
Foreword
Contributors


I. History and Religion

  • The Role of Islam and Expansion of Islamic Fundamentalism in the Domestic Environment of Central Asia
    HABIBOLLAH ABOLHASSAN SHIRAZI
  • Female Anxiety and Female Power: the Political Involvement of Mongol Empresses during the 13th and 14th Centuries
    GEORGE QINGZHI ZHAO AND RICHARD W. L. GUISSO
  • From Nomad’s Tent to Garden Palace: Evolution of a Chinggisid Household in the Crimea
    MARYNA KRAVETS

II. Material Culture

  • Linking the Doctrinal and the Textual with the Visual Representation of the Parinirvana Scenes in the Kizil Grottoes
    RAJESHWARI GHOSE
  • ‘A Nation of Nomads’? The Lifeway of the Yuezhi in the Gansu and Bactria
    CRAIG BENJAMIN
  • The Buddhists of Bamiyan: Tibetan Vajrayana Roots in Afghanistan
    NICHOLAS CORBETT
  • From the Domestic to the Divine: Kyrgyz Shyrdak Felts
    STEPHANIE BUNN

III. Politics

  • Homeland as a Domestic Sphere in Kazakhstan: Historical Homeland (Istorichskie Rodina), Homeland (Rodina) and Soviet Homeland (Sovietskoe Rodina)
    JAKOB RIGI
  • The Rise of Modem Uighur Nationalism
    JENNIFER TAYNEN
  • Tajikistan’s Civil Society Environment: Endogenous Preferences & Exogenous Perceptions
    NAJAM ABBAS
  • Ethno-nationalism in Post-Soviet Central Asia and Uzbekistan
    MAITE OJEDA MATA
  • Authoritarian Regimes in Central Asia and their Impact within the Domestic Environment
    JAFAR GHAMAT
  • Abstract of Research: The Impact of Globalization on the National Values of Central Asian States
    ASET ABDUALlYEV

IV. Health and Education

  • The Welfare State and Gender: New Directions in Reshaping a Welfare Policy of Post-Soviet Republics of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
    AYSEGUL KOZAK AND GULSEREN ISIK
  • Language, Literacy and Education in Tajikistan
    STEPHEN A. BAHRY
  • Challenges of Education and History Teaching in Kyrgyzstan
    DUISHON SHAMATOV
  • Coverage of Environmental and Environmental Health News of Central Asia by Independent News Web Sites
    ERIC FREEDMAN
  • Activities of the International Charitable Foundation Meerim in Kyrgyzstan
    NURMIRA JAMANGULOVA

V. Resources and the Environment

  • Ecological Problems of Central Asia Resulting from Space Rocket Debris
    M. NAURYZBAEV, S. BATYRBEKOVA, B. KENESOV, KH. TASSIBEKOV, A. VOROZHEIKIN, YU. PROSKURYAKOV
  • A Looming Water Crisis in Chinese Central Asia: Are the Kariz Dying Out in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR)?
    GULBAHAR MATTOHTI



Cultural Interaction and Conflict in Central and Inner Asia


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, 3-4 May 2002 and 23-24 May 2003


Edited by
Michael Gervers
Uradyn E. Bulag
Gillian Long


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 6
Asian Institute, University of Toronto
Toronto, 2004

Contents


Foreword
Contributors


I. History

  • Control through Conciliation: Royal Marriages Between the Mongol Yuan and Koryŏ (Korea) During the 13th and 14th Centuries
    GEORGE ZHAO
  • Constructing the "Green Isle": Changing Notions of Territory and Homeland Among Crimean Tatars
    BRIAN GLYN WILLIAMS
  • Kipling’s Afghanistan
    NEIL MORAN

II. Anthropology

  • The Relationship Between Land and People in Kyrgyzstan
    STEPHANIE BUNN
  • A Young History Teacher in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan
    DUISHON SHAMATOV
  • The Physical and Human Geography of Inner Asia in the Early 1920s Through the Eyes and Lens of C. P. Skrine
    DANIEL C. WAUGH
  • The Space Between Two Journeys: Kazakh Social Organization and Rural to Urban Migration
    SAULESH YESSENOVA

III. Art and Architecture

  • Hybridity and Conquest: Patterns of Liao (AD 907-1125) Khitan Tomb Burial
    HIROMI KINOSHITA
  • The Oases Settlements of Central Asia
    MANU P. SOBTI
  • Red Lintels, Green Rooftops: The Role of Architecture in Eight Paintings from Temple 9 at Bezeklik
    NANCY SHATZMAN STEINHARDT

IV. Archaeology

  • The African Emergence and Early Human Expansion into Near East and Central Asia: “Out-of-Africa Hypothesis” from Near Eastern and Central Asian Point of View
    KAMAL ALDIN NIKNAMI
  • Natural and Human Geography of Miyankuh
    EMRAN GARAZHIAN AND LEILA PAPOLI YAZDI
  • Miyankuh People: Adaptation of Village Plans to Their Environment
    EMRAN GARAZHIAN
  • An Ethno-Archaeological Perspective on the Lack of Agricultural Land and Multi-Professions in Miyankuh
    LEILA PAPOLI YAZDI
  • Analytical Study of Architectural Monuments and Data in Southern Turkmenia and Western Iran
    SIMA YADOLLAHI

V. Politics and Economics

  • Explaining the Emergence of the Hizb ut-Tahrir in Kyrgyzstan: Structure, Chance, Choice
    ALISHER KHAMIDOV
  • The Conquest of a Common Cultural Legacy: Turkey and Turkic Asia
    PIERRE CYRIL PAHLAVI
  • Land Reform and Privatization in Central Asia: Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan
    HABIBOLLAH ABOLHASSAN SHIRAZI
  • Myth of Pan-Turkism: Turkish Central Asian Policy in the Early 1990s
    SAPARBEK TUYAKBAYEV
  • Competition in the Countries of Central Asia in the Name of Cultural Influence
    EMMA BEGIJANYAN
  • Caliphate in Central Asia: Islamist Ambition or Political Fantasy?
    ANDREW MCGREGOR

VI. Natural Resources

  • A Market Approach for Water Use in Central Asia: Instituting the Bank of the Aral Sea and Utilizing Grass-Root Water User Associations
    KUATBAY BEKTEMIROV AND LUKE POTOSKI
  • Water Consumption as a Management Factor for the Sustainable Development of Uzbekistan
    ROKHAT M. USMANOVA
  • The Kazakh Mining Industry: Economic and Social Impacts
    PETER BOJKOV

VII. Review Article

  • The Secret History of the Mongols, A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century
    PAUL KAHN



Continuity and Change in Central and Inner Asia


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, March 24 & 25, 2000 and May 4 & 5, 2001


Edited by
Michael Gervers
and
Wayne Schlepp


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 5
Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies
Toronto, 2002

Contents


Foreword
Contributors


I. Politics, displacement and conflict:


  • Les Européens de l’Asie centrale: une culture entre deux mondes
    BORIS CHUKHOVICH
  • The Sources of Kazakhstani Conduct
    ROBERT M. CUTLER
  • The Western Lands XIYU in the Political Thinking of the Qing Empire
    DINA DOUBROVSKAIA
  • The Ethnic Origin of the Huns and their Appearance in Eastern Europe
    JUSUF DZAFAROV
  • Turkic Nomads: The Élite of Ninth-Century Muslim Armies
    GHADA JAYYUSI LEHN
  • Repatriation to Kazakhstan: History and Current Situation
    GULNARA MENDIKULOVA
  • Russia’s Great Game in Tibet?
    DAVID SCHIMMELPENNINCK

II. New economic order:

  • The Problems of Reconciling the values of Civil Society with the Requirements of a Market Economy in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan
    RAHAT ACHYLOVA
  • Economic Prospects for Central Asia: Competing in the Global Marketplace
    GULNARA MOLDASHEVA
  • The Cult of Heaven (Tengris) in the Buryat-Mongolian Epic
    B. S. DUGAROV
  • Iranian Social and Economic Development
    EDITA NESZMELYI
  • The Main Characteristics of Mongolian and Korean Economic Development, Focussing on Agriculture
    GYORGY NESZMELYI

III. The perennial worlds of culture and nature:

  • Reinventing the Dzud: an Evolving Disaster and an Evolving Term
    OTTO FARKAS
  • The Cult of Heaven (Tengris) in the Buryat-Mongolian Epic
    ROSALIND BRADFORD
  • Coin and Sculpture Arts of the Kushan Era, First to fourth centuries AD
    DAVID JONGEWARD
  • Observations on the honorific system of Korean
    HYE-YOUNG IM
  • The Nomadic Cultural Perspective in the Kazak Language
    TALANT MAWKANULI
  • Wife, Mother, Shamaness, Warrior Woman: The Role of Women in Mongolian and Siberian Epic Tales
    SARANGEREL
  • The Skylark Myth in Buryat Epic and the Siberian Tradition of the Bird-Shaman
    BAYAR DUGAROV
  • Urban Metamorphosis and Change in the Central Asian Region after the Arab Invasions: An Analysis of Archaeological Findings, Literature and Scholarly Writings
    MANU P. SOBTI
  • Examples of Iconographical Usage: the Bronze Basin from the Hodja Ahmad Ysawi Shrine in Turkestan and the Nisan Tasi in the Mawlana’s Lodge in Konya
    BURCU TEKIN & HAKAN TEKIN
  • Population Decadence and Dynastic Decline in the Mongol Empire
    GEORGE ZHAO



Religion, Customary Law, and Nomadic Technology


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, 1 May 1998 and 23 April 1999


Edited by
Michael Gervers
and
Wayne Schlepp


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 4
Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies
Toronto, 2000

Contents


Foreword
Contributors


I. Social and Cultural Context of Nomadic Technology,
ancient and Modern


  • The Creation of Cloth-Weaving Traditions amongst the
    Nomadic Pastoralists of Rupshu (Eastern Ladakh)

    MONISHA AHMED
  • Uighurs and Technologies of Literacy
    MICHAEL C. BROSE
  • Material Culture of the Nomadic Uighurs of the
    Eighth-Ninth Centuries in Central Asia

    ABLET KAMALOV
  • The Uses of Blood in Traditional Inner Asian Societies
    RUTH I. MESERVE
  • The Nomads’ Armament: Home Made Weaponry
    JOHN MASSON SMITH JR
  • Zamzam Water on A White Felt Carpet: Adapting Mongol Ways
    In Muslim Central Asia, 1550-1650

    R. D. McCHESNEY

II. Religion and Customary Law

  • Christianity and the Nomads of the Black Sea and Caspian Steppes
    JOSEPH DZAFAROV
  • The Buryat Geser Epic and Its Relationship with Buryat Shamanism
    SARANGEREL
  • The Cult of Heaven (Tengris) in the Buryat-Mongolian Epic
    B. S. DUGAROV
  • Buddhism and Revolution in Mongolia
    IRINA MOROZOVA
  • Aspects of Medieval Mongolian Law: An Exercise in Legal Archaeology,
    Or, A View through the Lens of Legal History

    ROBERT W. REID



Historical Themes and Current Change in Central and Inner Asia


Papers presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, April 25-26,1997


Edited by
Michael Gervers
and
Wayne Schlepp


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, No. 3
Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies
Toronto, 1998

Contents


Foreword
Tribute to Robert Reid
Contributors


I. The Political Past

  • Central Asia’s Continuing Role in the World Economy to 1800
    ANDRE GUNDER FRANK
  • Power and Ethnicity in the Northern Liao Secession, 1122-1123
    PAUL C. FORAGE
  • The Cult of the Kökönuur Lake: Ritual and Political Control of Nomads in 18th-20th Century China
    URADYN E. BULAG
  • At the Western Fringe of the Steppe
    RUDI PAUL LINDNER

II. The Cultural Past

  • Tiger Stripe Patterned Chinese Textiles
    JOHN E. VOLLMER AND JACQUELINE SIMCOX
  • A Sogdian Thaurnaturgical Text from Dunhuang and the Origins of Inner Asian Weather Magic
    DAVID A. UTZ
  • Areal Religious Phenomena in Tibet and Central Eurasia
    MICHAEL WALTER

III. Present Conditions

  • Transitional Political Institutions in Modern Kazakstan
    ZHANYLZHAN DZHUNUSOVA
  • Kazakhstan and Efforts at Economic Integration with Other CIS States: The Customs Union and the Single Economic Space
    NATSUKO OKA
  • Tadjikistan, Une Guerre Inévitable?
    NASRIN DADMEHR
  • Environmental Scarcity: Considering the Aral Sea Basin
    IAN SMALL



Cultural Contact, History and Ethnicity in Inner Asia


Papers prepared for the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto
March 4, 1994 and March 3, 1995


Edited by
Michael Gervers
and
Wayne Schlepp


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia No.2
Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies
Toronto, 1996

Contents


Foreword
Contributors




I. Cultural Contact at a Distance

  • Art and Identity: The Chinese and their ‘Significant others’ in the Third and Second Millennium BC
    KATHERYN M. LINDUFF
  • On Medieval and Early Modern Science and Technology in Central Eurasia
    RUTH I. MESERVE
  • Western Embassies to the Mongols and the Prospects for Their Conversion, 1245-1253
    PAUL L. SIDELKO

II. Mongolian History and Culture

  • Tree Worship in Early Mongolia
    CHAOLU WU (Chuluu Ujiyediin)
  • Instruction and Entertainment in the Naiman Battle Text: An Analysis of 189 through 196 ofThe Secret History of the Mongols
    PAUL KAHN
  • Diary of Ivan Iakovlevich Korostovets, Russian Plenipotentiary in the Russo-Mogolian Negotiations in Urga in 1912-13
    OLGA BAKICH

III. China and Muslim Inner Asia

  • Contested History: Issues in the Historiography of Inner Asia’s Uighurs
    LINDA BENSON
  • Modern Uyghur, A Historical Perspective
    JEAN-R. DUVAL
  • The Xinjiang Mummies and Foreign Angels: Art, Archaeology and Uyghur Muslim Nationalism in Chinese Central Asia
    JUSTIN JON RUDELSON



Nomadic Diplomacy, Destruction and Religion from the Pacific to the Adriatic


Papers prepared for the Central and Inner Asian Seminar
University of Toronto, 1992-93



Edited by
Michael Gervers
and
Wayne Schlepp


Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia No.1
Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies
Toronto, 1994

Contents


Introduction to the Series
Contributors

  • The Spread of World Religions in Medieval Nomadic Societies of the Eurasian Steppes
    ANATOLY M. KHAZANOV
  • "Spurred on by the Fear of Death": Refugees and Displaced Populations during the Mongol Invasion of Hungary
    JAMES ROSS SWEENEY
  • Two Cultural Brokers of Medieval Eurasia: Bolad Aqa and Marco Polo
    THOMAS T. ALLSEN



University of Toronto
The DEEDS Project
UofT Asian Institute
Site design by ImageText | Noizex