1880s and 1890s

Tolstoy in 1885
Moscow, photo by Scherer and Nabgolz

1880s – Tolstoy's spiritual crisis inspired a series of books in which he examined his previous beliefs and charted new directions. The ideas in these works formed the basis of the Tolstoy movement, which at its height was influential around the world. Meanwhile, the ideas of the movement caused discord within the family.